Name of centre: Karnal
Address: CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Uchani Karnal, It is situated 29.685629 N, and the longitude is 76.990547 E.
Staff details: Scientist: 4, STAs: 5, Fieldman: 2

Sr. No.	Sanctioned post	In position
	Scientific Staff
1.	Maize Breeder	Dr. M.C. Kamboj (Asst. Maize Breeder)
2.	Asstt. Agronomist	Dr. Narender Singh
3.	Asstt. Plant Pathologist	Dr. Prashant Chauhan
4.	Asstt. Entomologist	Due to transfer of Dr. Maha Singh, the post has been advertised and is under the process of recruitment. Now the additional charge has been given to Dr. O.P Choudhary
	Technical Staff (Senior Technical Assistant)
1	STA (Plant Breeding)	Dr. Kuldeep Jangid
2	STA (Plant Breeding)	Mr. Puneet Kumar
3	STA (Agronomy)	Mr. Sanjay Ghangas
4	STA (Plant Pathology)	Ms. Namita Soni
5	STA (Entomology)	Mr. Somveer
	Supporting Staff
	Fieldman	Sh. Ram Dhari
	Fieldman	Sh. Vijay Kumar

Mandate:

• To develop / identify productive inbred lines with multiple resistance against diseases (maydis leaf blight, banded leaf, common rust and sheath blight) and insect pest (Chilo partellus and shoot fly).
• To develop  /  identify hybrids of normal maize and specialty corn (QPM, Baby corn and sweet corn) suitable for kharif, rabi and spring season for nutritional security and higher returns 
• To develop integrated nutrient management and other agronomic practices for newly
• developed hybrids
• To popularize resource conservation technologies in maize systems
• Develop and popularize high yielding, profitable and ecologically sustainable maize-based farming systems
• Mechanization in maize sowing, inter culture and harvesting for reduction in cost of cultivation
• Integrated disease and insect-pest management in maize.
• Post harvest management, value addition and processing in maize.
• To develop module for cultivation of organic maize.

Farm area:
Total farm area at CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Karnal is 30.8 ha. Out of which approximately 6.5 ha is used in maize research in both the seasons (Kharif and rabi/spring)

Significant achievements (in bullets with photos):

1. Genetic improvement in maize:
2. Inbred lines developed: Genetic variability in the germplasm is the pre-requisite for successful breeding programme in maize. Genetically diverse material has been used for the development of 464 inbred lines of maize which include 286 lines of normal maize, 53 lines of white maize, 50 lines of quality protein maize (QPM), 24 lines of sweet corn and 26 lines of pop corn. One hundred and fifty inbred lines have been used in combination breeding to develop new hybrids. Thirty inbred lines have been identified as good combiners. Many inbred lines have been identified as N efficient, tolerant against cold, drought, insect-pest and diseases.

B. Hybrids developed

1. Single cross hybrids of maize developed and released from CCSHAU, RRS, Karnal

Hybrids	Year of release	State/ National	Important characters
	2000	State	Early maturing yellow, dent grain, drought tolerant single cross hybrid for kharif and rabi season, Matures in 83-84 days in kharif season. Average grain yield during kharif  is 53-55 q/ha and 60-65 during rabi season.
	2000	State	First white shining flint grain, medium maturing single cross maize hybrid in the country, released for rabi and kharif season for cultivation in the state. Matures in 88-90 days in kharif season. Average grain yield during kharif 54-55 q/ha and 65-67 q/ha during rabi season.
	2005	National	First baby corn single cross hybrid in the country, attractive colour of grain and baby corn, released for rabi and kharif, Hybrid matures in 84-86 days in kharif season. Average grain yield during kharif 55-60 q/ha and 67-72q/ha during rabi season. Baby corn average yield is 13-15 q/ha.
	2005	State	Very productive white dent maize hybrid, suitable for intercropping, released for rabi and kharif season. Tolerant to common rust, maydis leaf blight (MLB) and cold.  Matures in 88-90 days in kharif season. Average grain yield during kharif 60-65 q/ha and 70-75 q/ha during rabi season.
	2007	National	Attractive orange and flint grains, single cross normal maize hybrid, released for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, resistant to TLB, SDM and PFSR, tolerant to cold. Matures in 85-86 days in kharif season, grain yield is 55-62 q/ha during kharif and 67-72q/ha during winter.
	2007	National	Attractive orange and flint grains, single cross maize hybrid, released for Eastern UP, Bihar, WB, Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh and MP, resistant to MLB and common rust, tolerant to frost/cold, matures in 85-88 days, grain yield is 57-62 q/ha during kharif and 70-75 q/ha during winter.
	2008	National	Yellow, semi dent grain, single cross normal maize hybrid  recommended for winter season, resistant to common rust, MLB, stem borer  and cold.  Released for  all maize growing states of the country.  Matures in 88-90 days in kharif season. Average yield during kharif is 57-60 q/ha and 70-75q/ha during rabi season.
	2011	National	Semi dent, yellow grain single cross normal maize hybrid for kharif season. Responsive to high dose of nutrient, high level of field resistance against MLB and common rust. Matures in 88-90 days in kharif season. Average grain yield during kharif is 57-60 q/ha and 67-70 q/ha during rabi season.
	2012	National	First white single cross maize hybrid recommended for Bihar, Jharkhand, Eastern U.P. and Odisha for cultivation in kharif season. It has resistance against MLB and common rust. Matures in 85-87 days in kharif season.  Average grain yield during kharif is 55-60 q/ha and 63-68 q/ha during rabi season.
	2014	National	High starch yellow grain single cross maize hybrid recommended for Hilly zone (Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand and north-eastern hills) for cultivation in kharif season. Resistance against MLB, common rust, BLSB and TLB. Matures in 82-85 days in kharif season. Average yield during kharif 55-60 q/ha and 65-68 q/ha during rabi season.
	2006	National	First yellow grain, QPM hybrid, released in the state for rabi and kharif season and recommended for release in the country across the zones. Resistant to MLB and common rust. Matures in 88-90 days during kharif season. Grain yield is 57-62q/ha during kharif and 65-70 q/ha during winter.
	2011	National	QPM single cross hybrid, attractive light orange semi dent grain, released across the country. Matures in 90-93 days during kharif season. Resistant to MLB and tolerant to stem borer. Grain yield is 58-62 q/ha during kharif and 65-72 q/ha during winter season, Green cob yield is 10 % higher over HQPM 1, HQPM 5 & HQPM 7.
	2007	National	QPM single cross hybrid,  attractive orange flint grain, released for cultivation across the country.  Resistant to MLB, common rust, BLSB and PFSR.  Matures in 88-91 days, grain yield is 60-62 q/ha during kharif  and 67-72 q/ha during winter season.
	2008	National	QPM single cross hybrid, released for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. The grain is light orange. The hybrid is resistant to MLB and stem borer. Matures in 88-91 days, grain yield is 60-64 q/ha during kharif and 67-72 q/ha during winter season.
	2011	National	First public sector bred single cross sweet corn hybrid, released for cultivation in hilly zone (Jammu, Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand) during kharif season, average yield of green cobs 120 q/ha, ready to harvest in 80-82 days, resistant to MLB and common rust.

Note: Days to maturity and grain yield data mentioned above is under Haryana condition

Nine of the maize hybrids developed and released from Karnal centre  viz. HM 4, HM 8, HM 9, HM 10, HM 11, HQPM 1, HQPM 4, HQPM 5 and HQPM 7 have been used as national checks in different AICRP trials.

b. Inter-institutional hybrids developed: Karnal centre has shared maximum inbred lines to different AICRP centers. Different AICRP centers are using inbred lines developed by this centre for the development of inter-institutional maize hybrids. A large number of such hybrids have been tested in co-ordinated trials and 12 inter-institutional hybrids have been released and notified for cultivation in different part of the country. The detail of these hybrids is as follows:

	Name of hybrid	Year of release	Pedigree	Recommended area	Collaborating centre	Important characters
1	Malviya Hybrid Makka-2	2007	HUZM 185 x HKI 1105	Zone III	BHU, Varanasi	Average grain yield is 54 q/ha. Yellow semi flint grain, MLB resistant.
2	Maha Rana Partap QPM 1	2013	HKI 193-1 x DMR QPM 106	Zone V	Maha Rana Partap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur	Average grain yield is 54 q/ha. Yellow semi flint grain, MLB resistant.
3	Palam Sankar Makka I (EHL 162508)	2015	HKI 1040-7 x BAJ 169-09-64	Zone I	CSKHPKV, HAREC, Bajaura	Yellow maize with average grain yield is 60 q/ha.
4	Pusa HM 4	2018	EDV (QPM version of HM 4)	Zone II	ICAR-IARI New Delhi	QPM version of HM 4
5	Pusa HM 8	2018	EDV (QPM version of HM 8)	Zone IV	ICAR-IARI New Delhi	QPM version of HM 8
6	Pusa HM 9	2018	EDV (QPM version of HM 9)	Zone III	ICAR-IARI New Delhi	QPM version of HM 9
7	DMRH 1308	2018	SML 16 x HKI 163	Zone V	ICAR-IIMR, Ludhiana	Average grain yield is 90 q/ha.
8	IMHB 1539	2019	HKI 1105 x IML 127-1	Zone I	ICAR-IIMR, Ludhiana	It is a baby corn hybrid The average baby corn yield of this hybrid is 1250 kg/ha.
9	DMRH 1305	2019	B-373 x HKI 1105	Zone 1	ICAR-IIMR, Ludhiana	Early maturing normal maize hybrid. Average grain yield is 65 q/ha.
10	IMH QPM 1530	2019	IML 343 x HKI 163	Zone 1	ICAR-IIMR, Ludhiana	It is a QPM hybrid with grain yield 85 to 90 q/ha
11	Pusa HQPM-5 Improved	2019	HQPM 5 fortified with provitamin A	Across the country	ICAR-IARI New Delhi	QPM hybrid fortified with Pro-vitamin
12	Pusa HQPM-7 Improved	2019	HQPM 7 fortified with provitamin A	Zone IV of the country	ICAR-IARI New Delhi	QPM hybrid fortified with Pro-vitamin

2. Registration of genetic material
a. Registration of elite genetic material (INGR & IC No. separately).
The elite inbred lines have been registered with NBPGR. The detail is as follows:

S. No.	Name of inbred lines	Year	Registration No.	INGR No.	Remarks
1	HKI-209	2003	IC405277	3055	Protogyny
2	HKI-335	2003	IC405279	3056	Early maturity and stay green
3	HKI-139	2004	IC405276	4065	Early, dark erect green MLB resistance, orange grain colour and GCA
4	HKI-323-8	2004	IC405278	4066	Medium MLB resistant, orange grain colour and GCA
5	HKI-1025	2004	IC405280	4067	Early, Dark erect green leaf, cold tolerant and MLB resistance
6	HKI-1040-7	2004	IC45281	4068	Dark green leaves, good pollen shedder, and MLB and rust resistance
7	HKI-1105	2004	IC405282	4069	Broad erect leaves bold seeded and GCA
8	HKI-1348-2	2004	IC405283	4070	White grained, good pollen shedder, MLB and rust resistance and GCA
9	HKI-1352-58-9	2004	IC405284	4071	Bold white grained good pollen shedder, MLB and rust resistance and GCA
10	HKI-1354	2004	IC405285	4072	Long cob, white grained, good pollen shedder, MLB and rust resistance and GCA
11	HKI-295	2004	IC408327	4073	Medium maturity good pollen shedder MLB and rust resistant and GCA
12	HKI-586	2004	IC408328	4074	Early, dark green erect leaves, MLB resistance and GCA
13	HKI -1344	2004	IC408330	4075	Medium, bold white grained, MLB resistance and GCA
14	HKI-1332	2004	IC408327	4120	Medium maturity, dark green erect leaves and good GCA
15	HKI-288-2	2008	IC563956	8071	Late maturing disease resistant female parent for single cross hybrid
16	HKI-1126	2008	IC563958	8072	Late maturing, bold seeded, resistant to MLB seed parent with economic seed production
17	HKI-1040-4	2008	IC563959	8073	Good tassel trait, attractive red grain color, resistance MLB & rust, good for early maturing single cross hybrid
18	HKI-1015 WG-8	2008	IC563961	8074	Source of less leaf trait & good general combining ability
19	HKI-1347-4LT(1+2+3)	2008	IC563964	8075	Late maturing white seeded productive inbred line
20	HKI-164D-4(0)	2008	IC563965	8076	Productive Quality Protein Maize (QPM) inbred line with high tryptophan (0.86%) and late maturity
21	HKI-164-7-6	2008	IC563966	8077	Semi-dent inbred with PQM background, high tryptophan content (0.94%) and good combining ability
22	HKI-47	2009	IC563953	9057	Good pollen shedder, attractive grain color, resistant to common rust
23	HKI-287L	2009	IC563954	9058	Late maturing with dark green leaves with orange grain
24	HKI-327 T	2009	IC563955	9059	Tall, dark green broad leaves, resistant to MLB and rust and late maturing
25	HKI-326	2009	IC563957	9060	Very long cobs, with attractive orange grain, good combiner with late maturity
26	HKI-1040-5	2009	IC563960	9061	Dark green leaves, orange grain, good combiner, medium maturing
27	HKI-1341	2009	IC563962	9062	Dark green leaves, white bold grains, resistance to common rust, late maturing
28	HKI-1342	2009	IC563963	9063	White shining grains, resistant to rust and MLB, late maturing
29	HKI-170 (1+2)	2009	IC563967	9064	Yellow grains QPM, late maturing and good combiner
30	HKI 322	2010	IC0584587	10081	Medium duration white, flint grain productivity, strong plant and dark green leaves
31	HKI-139-2	2010	IC0584588	10082	Medium duration white flint grain good combining ability
32	HKI 5072-2-BT	2010	IC0584589	10083	High tryptophan (0.66%), medium duration, yellow, flint, attractive grain colour and dark green leaves
33	HKI PC-4B	2010	IC0584599	10093	High popping, medium duration and good pollinator with droopy leaves
34	HKI PCBT-3	2010	IC0584600	10094	High popping, early, good pollinator and dark green leaves
35	HKI-6	2010	IC0584601	10095	High oil content(6%) and yellow flint grain
36	HKI-1(T)	2010	IC0584602	10096	High oil content (6.31%) and yellow flint grain

1. Hybrids registered under PPV &FRA: Maize hybrids HHM 1, HHM 2, HM 4, HM 5, HM 8, HM 9, HM 10, HM 11, HM 12, HM 13 HQPM 1, HQPM 4, HQPM 5 and HQPM 7 have been registered under PPV & FRA.

State recommendations:
Agronomic recommendations
The CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Karnal has given complete production technology for maize cultivation in all the three seasons i.e. kharif (monsoon), rabi (winter) and spring seasons in Haryana.
To achieve higher yield at farmer’s field assured irrigation facilities are required.

The optimum time of sowing, spacing and seed rate in different seasons is as follow by table:

Season	Planting time	Spacing	Seed rate
Kharif	Last week of June to 20 th of July	75 x 20 cm	18 -20 kg/ha
Rabi	Last week of  20th of November	75 x 20 cm	20 -22 kg/ha
Spring	Last week of January to 15th of February	60 x 20 cm	20 -22 kg/ha

Method of sowing
Sowing of maize on southern sides of east west ridges at depth of 5- 6 cm has been found to give better germination and growth.

Ridge and furrow sowing of maize
The traditional practice of growing maize crop has several limitations such as inconvenient input management when sown by broadcasting, improper plant geometry and uneven plant stand resulting in insufficient utilization of space and plant competition leading to low productivity and input use efficiency. Ridge and furrow method of sowing can help to maintain proper plant competition and better input management leading to higher productivity and input use efficiency. It conserves soil moisture during prolonged dry spell in water scarcity areas for longer availability of moisture to sustain life and act as drainage channel in high rainfall/water logged area and provide better microclimate for plant growth and root development. However, pre-requisite for ridge and furrow are:

• Laser leveling of the field.
  • Prepare beds in East-West direction.
  • Sowing on the sides of the ridges.

Fertilizers requirement and schedule
Application of nutrients @ 180-60-60-25 kg/ ha (N-P₂O₅-K₂O-ZnSo4) have been found optimum for winter maize and spring season, whereas nutrients @ 150-60-60-25 kg/ ha (N-P₂O₅-K₂O-ZnSo4) gave higher yield during kharif season. Fertilizers schedule i.e. 1/3rd N + full P, K & Zn at sowing, 1/3rd N at knee high stage, 1/3rd at tasseling stage gives higher productivity and nutrient use efficiency.

Weed management
Weeds compete with crop for nutrient and cause yield loss up to 30–40% depending upon season of planting and crop rotation followed. Atrazine applied as preemergence (2-3 days after sowing) @ 1.0-1.50 kg/ha followed by one hoeing at 25-30 DAS was found to give satisfactory control of all type of weeds in kharif maize. Herbicide tembotrione 34.4% SC w/w (Laudis 42% SC w/v) @ 287.5 ml/acres + surfactant @ 1000 ml/ha in a spray volume of 200 liter water at 2-4 leaf stage of weeds (10-15 days after sowing) for control of complex weed flora in maize has been recommended.

Irrigation management
Irrigation should be applied when required depending upon rains and moisture holding capacity of the soil. Water should not overflow on the ridges. Irrigation applied in furrows up to 2/3rd height of the ridges/bed helps in improving water use efficiency. Inbreds responded to light and frequent irrigations. Irrigation schedule for different season are given in following table:

Kharif season	Rabi season	Spring season
Young seedling	Young seedling	Young seedling
20-25 days interval	Knee high stage	Knee high stage
	Additional 4-5 irrigations are required during severe winter period to protect the crop from cold/frost damage	Additional 2-3 irrigations are required during after knee height stage for proper growth
Tasseling stage	Tasseling stage	Tasseling stage
Grain filling stage	Grain filling stage	Grain filling stage
Dough stage	Dough stage	Dough stage

Earthing up
Earthing up after second application of fertilizer has been found effective to avoid lodging of crop.

Disease management – State-wise we may give predominant diseases and their control measures 

Major diseases of maize in Haryana and their management

Integrated Disease Management

• Treat the seed with 4gm Thiram per kg of seed.
• At knee high stage of crop spray Mancozeb (Indofil M-45) 600 gm in 200 liter of water and repeat the spray at 10-15 days interval if required.
• Maintain proper plant population and avoid water logging conditions in the field.
• At crop stage 5-7 weeks, remove the infected plants and burry them in the soil away from the crop.

Disease Management
Mix 400-600g Mancozeb (Dithane M-45) in 200-250 litre water and spray 2-3 times can prevent the rust infection.

Disease Management
Apply 150 gm Captan and 33 gm stable bleaching powder in 100 litre of water near root zone

Major insect pests of maize in Haryana and their management
Stem Borer (Chilo partellus): It is a serious pest in Kharif/rainy season. Under severe infestation conditions field having large number of dead hearts and sometimes resowing of crop becomes necessary. The symptoms of plant damage caused by this pest have been shown as below: 

Control: Spray the crop with any one of the following insecticide per acre after 10 days and 20 days of germination in the central whorl of plant.

Spray: 250 ml Monocrotophos 36SL or 200 ml Dichlorvas 76 EC or 500 ml Quinalphos 25 EC  in 250 litre water.

IPM strategy:

1. Use resistant cultivars.
2. Use of Trichogramma spp. and Apantalis spp. for parasitization of eggs and larvae of Chilo partellus, respectively. Release of 8cards / ha after 7, 14 and 21 days of germination of crop reduces the larval population in the field.

Shoot fly (spring season): Shoot fly is a very serious pest of spring maize if crop is sown after 15^th February. It causes dead hearts in early stage of the plants. If the incidence is serious then resowing of the crop becomes imminent.

Control

• Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 600 FS or Fipronil 5SC @ 7ml/ kg is found effective to    control shoot fly.
• Sowing of maize before 15^th February during spring season .

Termite: Termite incidence is observed in patches in maize.
Control:  Seed treatment with Thiamethoxan @ 6 g / kg seed is found effective up to 3 months of sowing.

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Symptoms caused by Chilo partellus

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Other significant contributions

1. Technology commercialized: The University has signed MOUs with twenty seed companies from different parts of the country for commercialization of maize hybrids developed by Maize section, CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Karnal.
2. International training organized: Three international trainings on maize cultivation have been organized for scientists and extension officers of Kingdom of Swaziland country.

Sr. No.	Period	Country
1	December 1-6, 2014	Mozambique
2	September 21-28, 2015	Swaziland
3	March 7-16, 2016	Swaziland

   Award and honour:

1. Best AICRP Maize Centre Award 2012: CCS HAU RRS, Karnal Centre was awarded “Best  AICRP Maize Centre Award 2012”  by Directorate of Maize Research, New Delhi in recognition of the research contribution for strengthening maize research in the country in 55^th AICRP Annual Maize Workshop, held at CCS HAU Hisar. April 20-22, 2012.
2. Mahindra Agri Award 2015: CCS Haryana Agricultural University has received Mahindra Agri Award 2015.This honour was awarded due to three important crop varieties developed by the University. Out of these, two hybrids (HM 12 & HM 13) have been developed by the Maize Section, CCS HAU RRS Karnal.
3. Best outreach station award: CCS HAU Regional Research Station received best outreach station award for outstanding contribution in research and extension. The maize section is one the major components of the station.

Success stories:

Baby corn hybrid HM 4:  Baby corn hybrid HM 4 can be grown throughout the year, which can help in generating employment to the farmer, rural women and youth as labour force needed for cultivation, processing and marketing.

With the development of baby corn hybrid HM 4, baby corn cultivation became popular in   village Aterna, district Sonepat in Haryana. Now whole of the village is cultivating baby corn. They established a co-operative packaging unit of baby corn in the village itself under the leaderhip of the farmer Sh. Kanwal Singh Chouhan who is selling baby corn worth Rs. 10 crores every year and baby corn has become source of livelihood in that area. Sh. Kanwal Singh Chouhan has received Padam Shri Award recently for this social upliftment of the society.

Now there are four baby corn industries in Haryana viz. Pratibha Foods, Village Aterna, Sonepat; Shimla Farm, Village Aterna, Sonepat; Gulab Fruit and vegetable Growers & Marketing Co-operative Society Ltd., Food Park, HSIIDC Rai, Sonepat and Integrated Unit for Mushroom Development, Kundli, Sonepat in the state, each of these industries are processing approximately 150 -200 tonnes of  baby corn every year.

QPM hybrid HQPM 1:

HQPM -1 being a quality protein maize hybrid is nutritionally superior and its biological value is double than the normal maize. It is best option as food, feed and silage. West Bengal Govt. Agricultural officers took training at CCS HAU RRS Karnal for seed production and learned the hybrid seed production technology of HQPM 1. State started growing HQPM-1, a high yielding quality protein maize hybrid developed from this centre and now more than 45000 hectares area is under this hybrid alone in west Bengal. This hybrid helped in increasing the productivity of maize in the state. The use of HQPM 1 as poultry feed helped in reducing the cost of  poultry rearing in the state. Ultimately the productivity of the poultry has also improved in West Bengal. Dr. Sain Dass, developer of this hybrid and former Director, IIMR has been honoured by Govt. of West Bengal as Life Time Achievement Award during 2018. This hybrid is popular in many states of the country viz. Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Gujarat, Rajasthan etc. This hybrid has been declared as land mark cultivar of maize.

Information on Patents: No patent has been granted to the station but the information regarding inbred lines registered with NBPGR and hybrids registered with PPVFRA has been provided in the documents.